Recommend what the business should do to ensure adherence to principles of internal control. Were there A sample of size n = 15 has variance s2s^2s2 = 35. 5. The Dutch. 4. the increase in input prices. Browse the PBS collection Africans in America: Part 1 to see information and primary sources for the period 1450 through 1750. . Frost's adviser is familiar with behavioral finance concepts but prefers a traditional or standard finance approach (modern portfolio theory) to investments. Abolishment of the slave trade and use of slaves in the 19th century led to a need for new cheap sources of labor and hence changes in migration. Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, By the People: A History of the United States, AP Edition, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. 3. Gunpowder would have violent consequences in the decades to come. The Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan only allowed the Dutch to trade in Japan through one port. Before Spanish: Labor before was to Indentured servitude is a form of labor where a person works for an agreed-upon time to pay back a debt or work off an upfront payment. Cross), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever). In West Africa, European merchants and missionaries reached inland to the Kongo and Benin. Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person; the form of slavery utilized in the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. How did new technology lead to changes in trade & travel? process of building European colonies in the In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. AP World History Graphic organizer over labor systems. As states expanded power, they were consistently met with resistance and rebellion. New languages developed as a blend of different dialects, such as Creole. Music was a key factor for survival in many slave communities. Assume that Chapman Company acquired Abernethys common stock for $490,000 in cash. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Henry the Navigator, caravel, Bartholomew Dias and more. The original intent of the system was to Encomienda: Spanish monarchs gave control over large territories (encomienda) to people they felt had served Spain and the monarchyusually successful conquistadors. As the slave trade expanded, some African Kings participated and shared profits. The labor systems established during 1450-1750 were key factors in how they were able to do so. Because the international portion of his portfolio has performed poorly in the past, he has reduced his international equity exposure to 2 %. On the backs of millions of slaves, sugar eventually outpaced silver as the most profitable good at the time. The Commercial Revolution was the expansion of trade and commerce across Europe. The elite and entrepreneurial western Europeans who settled in the Americas sought laborers to cultivate cash crops, mine for precious metals, tend livestock, provide . The Atlantic Slave Trade began immediately after the Portuguese arrived in Africa, but seriously expanded after Native American populations were decimated. Europeans would have to wait a few centuries for access to China. This was common in early Medeival Europe as well as in Russia until the mid 19th century. Key Concepts: 4.3.II.C. The middle class grew. Terms in this set (10) Coercion. Slaves Mita Encomienda. . role/purpose The rivalry eventually popped off as the. Throughout East Asia, the development of Neo-Confucianism solidified a cultural identity. Slave Rebellions and the Civil War were the Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1. Serfdom was still the basic social institution. Labor/Economic System. Some African rulers were complicit in the slave trade. Favored Spanish immigrants to the New World forced Native Americans to work . CONTINUITIES in global migrations from the 1450-1750 time period. Slave Systems and Slave Trade. The bourgeoisie class grew. Before 1492, the Americas were isolated from Africa, Europe, and Asia. American Food Services, Inc., leased a packaging machine from Barton and Barton Corporation. As of that date, Abernethy has the following trial balance: During 2020, Abernethy reported net income of $80,000 while declaring and paying dividends of$10,000. At \alpha = .01 in a left-tailed test, does this sample inventory. Historical Development 1 Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. Syncretisms happen everywhere, but in the Americas there are quite a few examples. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. While indentured servants living conditions were rough, they had some legal protections that prevented them from the worst exploitation and violence in other American forced and slave labor systems. Europeans wanted slaves, and this led to the Atlantic Slave Trade. government intervened in the market to protect domestic industries, companies organized commercial ventures by allowing investors to buy and sell shares which shared the risk of business ventures. European colonizers who traveled to the Americas blazed new and disturbing paths, such as the encomienda system of forced labor and the use of tens of thousands of Africans as slaves. Europeans introduced new systems of forced labor and slavery into the Americas to meet their labor needs and produce as cheaply as possible. Unit 1: Global Tapestry. In India, the powerful merchant Virji Vora (c. 1590 c. the 1670s) held a monopoly over several goods, including certain spices. Although the adopted political traditions in China, the Qing were committed to making the Manchu culture dominant. This music would later influence many genres including gospel, blues, jazz, rock n roll, hip hop, reggae, and samba. They challenged ideas, originally indicted by the Church. The Maya and Aztecs each dominated a region of Mesoamerica between 250 CE and 1550 CE. first evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. second evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. If they could fast a quicker route to Asia, profits would balloon and religious ideologies would spread. During this time, Muslim merchants established themselves further in North Africa and the Indian Ocean, which is why Islam is a dominant religion in those regions. Unit 3 - 600 . Marriage arrangements changed in the social hierarchy. The population was increasing and this led to more demand for resources. Newly developed colonial economies in the Americas largely depended on agriculture, utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mita, and introduced new labor systems including chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and encomienda and hacienda systems. New crops and livestock changed eating habits and largely increased the global population. Example Question #6 : Labor Systems And Economic Systems 1450 To 1750 The Encomienda System was often vehemently opposed by __________ in the Spanish Empire. Indicate the behavioral finance concept that Frost most directly exhibits in each of his three comments. By 1450, more people were migrating in search of religious tolerance and economic opportunities. Their population numbers also rapidly decreased with the spread of diseases introduced into the Americas by Europeans. December of 1865. . Test. Many farmers were in a consistent state of debt to the hacienda owner. Most of the native literature, art, and languages were completely destroyed, which left very few primary sources from before 1450. Labor systems grew and changed in response to the demand for labor and goods. There's a big difference between the rich and poor. The people who used and exploited The Dutch were high rollers in this time and played a main role in finance. Workers often had to work dangerous and exhausting jobs like mining. Label this combination point B. Key Takeaways AP World History Period 2 (1450-1750) The Americas became part of the global trade network, spurred by the Columbian Exchange. Although mixed children existed, primarily because of forced assaults, the societal norm was segregation and policies supported this tradition. In theory, the heads of encomienda did not own native lands. As serfs, they were completely tied to the land and sold when the land sold. Jewish populations descended from eastern and central Europe are called Ashkenazi. Africa was targeted for labor in the Americas because Indigenous populations were decimated by disease and were able to escape with knowledge of the land and the ability to blend in with other Natives. Q. William and Mary accepted joint powers with parliament and signed the English Bill of Rights. (p.838), AP World History Unit 4: Transoceanic Interco, AP World History Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, AP World History Unit 2: Networks of Exchange, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Getting More out of the Internet- Chapter Five. Labor systems. Labor systems grew and changed in response to the demand for labor and goods, Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants, Favored Spanish immigrants to the New World forced Native Americans to work in mines, landed estates, and public works, Due to the brutality of this system, Spanish officials changed it to the repartimiento system, in which Natives were forced to provide labor for Spanish projects, but for a limited amount of time for which they were compensated, Ultimately this system was unsustainable, which led Europeans to develop the slave trade, Europeans adapted and expanded the African slave trade, using Africans to work in forced labor in the New World, By the 1500s, when Portugal began exploring the west coast of Africa, tribes had already been engaged in slave trade for hundreds of years, African tribes kidnapped members of other tribes and sold them into slavery to Europeans, who shipped them to the Americas on the deadly Middle Passage, Most slaves were sent to the Caribbean to replace other slaves who died under the brutal conditions; a comparably small amount of slaves was sent to North and South America, Slaves were put to work growing cash crops (sugar, tobacco, cotton, and coffee), the profits of which ultimately benefited European powers, Europeans then sold manufactured goods such as guns to African tribes offering slaves, and the trade began again, The collapse of major empires could lead European powers to establish hierarchical labor systems in which peasants were bound to provide labor, Following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Russia developed a system of serfdom to maintain the wealth of the small nobility and monarchy; serfs, or peasants, were forced to work on large estates, Serfs typically lived together in communes, which provided extended kin networks to help workers survive under harsh conditions, In 1649, the Russian government legally bound serfs to nobles and the tsar, or king. Without the slave trade, African kingdoms would have continued to strengthen and could have prevented centuries of turmoil in the region. 52 terms. Why did the empire of Russia suddenly emerge as a gunpowder empire? b. Monopoly control allowed him to control the prices Europeans had to pay. The owners of these lands turned them into large estates called haciendas for economic production. The Asante Empire and Kingdom of the Kongo participated in slave trade, which increased their wealth and power. Below are the 43 people to know for the EARLY MODERN PERIOD (1450-1750). Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person; the form of slavery utilized in the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Trade between Europe and Asia had to go through the Mediterranean, which was controlled by Italian city-states. system? Before 1450, regional trade was all the rage as the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean network, and Trans-Saharan routes exploded with more merchants and goods flowing. Both allowed social elites to control nearly all the economic resources and labor of individuals who lived on their lands or assigned regions. An external challenge to the state usually comes from neighboring states or other colonizing forces in the region. The spread of Islam into East Asia. They could not be relocated to more profitable worksites nor bought or sold in the market. Continuity/Change Over Time During the 1450's to 1750's the Americas were evolving at a constant rate. grandson of Babur; ruled the Mughal Empire from 1556-1605. After their terms of service ended, most indentured servants stayed in the Americas. The Spanish conquest of the New World and establishment of profitable colonies led to a restructuring of the social order. [2]to protect the rights of all people in the United States. in debt to continue working on a piece of 30 seconds. Many tribes participated, although some sided with the English. Increased trade between Africa and Asia. avoid the system. Unit 4: Labor Systems, 1450 - 1750 C. Encomienda Chattel Slavery Russian Serfdom Define the labor system Include the general role/purpose Were there revolts or rebellions associated with it? A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. What were the causes and impacts of the Columbian Exchange? (1450-1750 CE) Mit'a Labor System. Spanish and Portuguese influence spread across politics, economics, and society in the Americas. Those who could not pay their debts in Europe were often forced into servitude in the Americas to pay back what they owed. In 1494, they signed the, The Spanish conquistadors brought down the thriving Aztec and Inca empires within a few decades. Even as serfdom was abolished across Europe, Russian serfs were tied to the land through strict laws that had no opportunity for freedom. Between 1450 and 1750, the Americas began to mark their place in the world, proving they were just as relevant as Europe, Africa, or Asia. Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period 1450-1750. However, in the 17th century, the, In fear of minority rule, Hindu warriors called the Marathas rebelled. 1 / 6. Unit: 1450 - 1750 Renaissance and Reformation. revolts or A grant of land made by Spain to a settler as an indentured servant in the Americas and Philippines, including the right to use Native Americans as . Like in the Eastern Atlantic, they focused on sugar cane production. Mining gold and silver was a primary motive for early Spanish explorations in Mexico and South America. type of labor ShoeCrafter,Inc.\textbf{Shoe Crafter, Inc.} The cortes of Spain finally abolished the mita in 1812, but it survived at least into the nineteenth century. Armies grew and warfare technology advanced. . It was not officially abolished until the late Her boss recently asked her to put password protection on all office computers. Pugachvs rebellion was a result of serfdom. Not until the late 18th century Europe began to take a dominant role in Asian trade. As the Ottomans conquered most of Southeastern Europe, Janissaries armies were being put together under the Devshirme System. the Americas largely depended on agriculture and utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mit'a. The Atlantic Slave Trade was expanded to supply labor throughout the colonies. slavery was officially and effectively ended in When a large number of these investments failed to return profits, many investors went bankrupt which had rippling effects on the economy. Prepare the journal entry for American Food Services at the beginning of the lease on January 1, 2016. New major trade network (Atlantic) Increase in the importance of trade-based wealth vs. land- based wealth. Lessons. A religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that split Catholic Europe, causing the formation of structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era. a form of government where the monarch has the power to rule their land freely, with no laws or legally-organized direct opposition in force. The most common destination for slaves was Brazil because sugar was so harsh to cultivate that the lifespan of slaves was extremely short (5-10% of slaves died every year). The Russian nobility, known as. utilized this labor Serfs were obliged to furnish labor services or money payments as the lord saw fit. How did the Protestant Reformation impact the social class? If you controlled one of these territories, you were legally allowed to force indigenous people to pay taxes, work for you, or provide other goods or services. He oversaw the greatest expansion of the Qing Empire. It was based on the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. Study Economic Systems, 1450-1750 flashcards from Jennifer Zhang's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. The Columbian Exchange also had an enormous effect on the environment. Finally, a new elite class emerged called the. Portuguese prince who was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents, Portuguese ship that was small but strong. general Popes Rebellion and The Pueblo revolt Finally, Europeans built massive military strength because of trade profits and access to new weapons. Relative to the total population. The Portuguese controlled some areas on the Indian Ocean network as they strong armed locals, but merchants continued to trade and migrate. Monty Frost's tax-deferred retirement account is invested entirely in equity securities. The expansion of trade on a global scale expanded both the upper elite class and the lower labor class. state/empire 1450-1750Early Modern Period. How did the Atlantic Slave Trade impact the economy? How did Maritime (sea-based) Empires exert and expand their power? Mughal Empire tomb dedicated to a shah's wife, Hindu practice of suicide of widows by jumping on husband's pyre, Finished the process of expelling Mongols - centralized czar's power, Russian nobility, resisted attempts at modernization, Russian ruler who westernized Russia - desired warm water port. What were some similar social and gender changes in countries? Definition. The Labor System was ran by 12the Investors were rapidly buying shares based on speculated costs that increased as demand increased. 272.5 KB. Europeans introduced exploitative labor systems to maximize commercial profits. Ultimately, the exchange of new food staples increased the population of Africa, but in parts of West Africa, the population suffered as people were taken. North of the Spanish territory, the French and British were fueling their rivalry as they competed for land and control of resources. Once an economic system in Inca society where people paid taxes with their labor and what they produced; later exploited by the Spanish as they forced Incas to mine silver. or when did it Cash crop agriculture: Europeans first produced cash crops on large commercial plantations on the islands (Canary, Cape Verde, and the Azores) of the Western African coast in the 15th century. **Example 1**. Together, they defeated the Portuguese in 1647, but the Dutch retreat from central Africa a year leaving the region vulnerable. For each of the following sentences, write the correct past or past participle verb form above The languages of Spanish and Portuguese became the dominant languages of the region. African People who were brought to the The Russian Serfdom was a system similar Chinese merchants had a near monopoly over the shipping of spices between the Southeast Asian spice islands and China. Learn. Explain how rulers employed economic strategies to consolidate and maintain power from 1450-1750. Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward. The Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and Dutch had to find another route in order to remain competitive, so they invested in exploration. The alliance between European indentured servants and enslaved Africans during the rebellion disturbed the ruling class, who subsequently passed laws to harden Virginia's racial caste system dividing free and indentured whites from enslaved blacks. How was the development of Maritime Empires influenced by ethnic divisions and racist institutions? New syncretic religions emerged that blended native and colonial traditions. Although the population of Africa ultimately increased because of increased food resources, in some regions the population declined as slaves were kidnapped. Encomienda and hacienda were quasi (partially) feudal systems imposed by the Spanish on indigenous peoples in the Caribbean and other Spanish-conquered lands in the Americas and the Philippines. Sailed for Spain and tried to complete Columbus' westward route. AbdielMendez. contradict the hypothesis that 2\sigma^22 = 50? That status was finally ended in 1827 and all the indentured obtained full freedom. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America. Maritime trade would prove to be far more economically efficient. began, It remained in use until 1917 after first What is the Protestant Reformation? European chattel slavery stripped enslaved people in the Americas of all rights and viewed them no differently than chattel (a personal possession). Meanwhile, the population of forced laborers increased, further expanding the wealth gap. This kept more money in the bank at any given time. In an effort to genocide Indigenous culture, Europeans were encouraged to procreate with the Indigenous and African communities. . The Church lost power as it was challenged. This same system was used on smaller . Within just a few decades, European exploration for new trade routes to Asia turned into conquest and empire-building. Learn. The state with the most access to trade could be the most powerful. The Portuguese set up the first plantation in the Americas in Brazil. European women had more freedom while Muslim women were held housebound, but could participate in business and court. Other Quizlet sets. Different treatment for different children also must be taken into account when considering how a person's gender helps to determine personality. Learn. Sexual exploitation of female serfs by their lords was common. Growing dissent among oppressed and poor populations pushed European states to invest in exploration and trade. Slavery was a major driver of maritime trade relations. In exchange, must protect them and convert them. The barter economy (exchanging goods or services for other goods or services) changed to a money economy (goods and services paid for with currency). the act of freeing slaves, done at the will of the owner. For example, gunpowder developed by the Chinese changed the method of conquest and made its way through South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. After her death, the Portuguese gained control of the region until well 1975. In order to prevent white and black oppressed groups from conspiring, the Virginia government wielded racist policies to drive a wedge. Find the average cost of hiring an exempt, regular employee. The Atlantic System c. The Middle Passage d. The Sea Road AP WORLD HISTORY ULTIMATE REVIEW PACKET UNIT 4 (1450-1750) Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants. Prepare the appropriate journal entries on December 31, 2018. arrival of coffee in the 1700s and cotton and sugercane impacted the Americas hugely - Both crops requried backbreaking labor to cultivate that led to the rise and expansion oft he Atlantic . Defeated Russians, Slavs, Germans, Poles sent to Istanbul. Peoples of the Russian empire who lived outside farming villages, often as outlaws. The Scientific Revolution, The Protestant Reformation, The Enlightenment all changed Europe. The economic system of large financial institutions-banks, stock exchanges, investment companies-that first developed in early modern Europe. 4. The Inca empire, then the Spanish Empire America Mexico, It was abolished in 1812 240 years after it A slave who ran away from his or her master. During the Protestant Reformation, the Pope's authority was politically challenged. A grant of land made by Spain to a settler as an indentured servant in the Americas and Philipines, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it. Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750.
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